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Department of Junín

Coordinates: 11°29′S 74°59′W / 11.48°S 74.98°W / -11.48; -74.98
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the region. For the Peruvian province, see Junín Province. For other uses, see Junín Department (disambiguation).
Junín
Departamento de Junín (Spanish)
Sunin suyu (Quechua)
Department
View of the Andes Mountains
View of the Andes Mountains
Flag of Junín
Flag
Official seal of Junín
Seal
Location of the Junín Region in Peru
Location of the Junín Region in Peru
Coordinates: 11°29′S 74°59′W / 11.48°S 74.98°W / -11.48; -74.98
CountryPeru
Subdivisions9 provinces and 123 districts
CapitalHuancayo
Government
 • GovernorZósimo Cárdenas Muje
(2023–actuality)
Area
 • Total
44,197.23 km2 (17,064.65 sq mi)
Highest elevation
4,818 m (15,807 ft)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total
1,246,038
 • Density28/km2 (73/sq mi)
UBIGEO
12
Dialing code064
ISO 3166 codePE-JUN
Principal resourcesPotato, coffee, fruit, silver, zinc, lead.
Websitewww.regionjunin.gob.pe

Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]) is a department and region in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. Its capital is Huancayo.

Geography

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Mantaro Valley.
Santa Ana de Tarma church.
Papa a la huancaína.

The region has a very heterogeneous topography. The western range located near the border with the Lima Region, has snowy and ice-covered peaks. On the east, there are high glacier valleys which end up in high plateaus (Altiplano). Among them is the Junín Plateau that is located between the cities of La Oroya and Cerro de Pasco.

The Mantaro Valley becomes wider before Jauja up to the limit with the Huancavelica Region. This area concentrates a large share of the region's population. Towards the east, near the jungle, there is an abundance of narrow and deep canyons, with highly inclined hillsides, covered by woods under low-lying clouds.

The Waytapallana mountain range is located in the south central area of the region. This range holds a great fault which is the reason earthquakes happen in the area. The upper jungle, with valleys of great length, modelled by the Tulumayu, Pawqartampu, Perené and Ene rivers, is located on the eastern side of the region.

Lake Junin, the largest lake entirely within Peru, is located in the region, except for its northernmost tip which belongs to the Pasco Region. Junín Region is also home to Mount Toromocho.

It is rich in minerals, including silver, copper, mercury, bismuth, molybdenum, lead and coal.[1]

Boundaries

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The Junín Region borders the regions of Pasco in the north, Ucayali in the northeast and Cusco in the east. The Mantaro River marks the border of the region with the Ayacucho and Huancavelica regions in the south and in the west it is bordered by the Lima Region.

Climate

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The Junín Region has an average annual temperature of 13.1 °C (56 °F), a maximum high of 17 °C (62 °F) and a minimum low of 0 °C (32 °F).

The rainy season runs from November to April, and from December to March in tropical areas.

Political division

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The region is divided into nine provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular: provincia), which are composed of 123 districts (distritos, singular: distrito). The provinces and their capitals are:

Province Seat
Chanchamayo Chanchamayo
Chupaca Chupaca
Concepción Concepción
Huancayo Huancayo
Jauja Jauja
Junín Junín
Satipo Satipo
Tarma Tarma
Yauli La Oroya

Demographics

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Languages

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According to the 2007 Peru Census, the language learnt first by most of the residents was Spanish (86.63%) followed by Quechua (9.29%). The Quechua varieties spoken in Junín are Huanca Quechua (in the Southwest), Yaru Quechua (in the Northwest, especially in Tarma Province). The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Junín Region by province:[2]

Province Quechua Aymara Asháninka Another native language Spanish Foreign language Deaf or mute Total
Chupaca 3,162 17 9 135 45,616 2 80 49,021
Concepción 3,986 18 8 47 52,293 5 113 56,470
Chanchamayo 14,723 131 5,965 729 136,580 17 201 158,346
Huancayo 52,904 286 119 494 386,622 84 428 440,937
Jauja 1,903 33 11 10 84,776 3 170 86,906
Junín 4,418 24 2 6 24,254 - 20 28,724
Satipo 18,433 264 30,945 6,148 122,661 19 186 178,656
Tarma 5,657 24 9 57 100,309 11 150 106,217
Yauli 1,826 21 4 37 45,050 6 36 46,980
Total 107,012 818 37,072 7,663 998,161 147 1,384 1,152,257
% 9.29 0.07 3.22 0.67 86.63 0.01 0.12 100.00

History

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Until the arrival of the Incas the eastern plains of the Junín region, known in Quechua as "Pampas," were inhabited by the Yanesha' and the Asháninka people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and tended to be hostile towards outsiders. Meanwhile, the southwestern Mantaro Valley was inhabited by the Huancas. Sapa Inca Pachacuti conquered this region in 1460, bringing it under the domain of the Inca Empire. Huancayo became the region's main highway rest stop on the Inca Trail.

Woolen mills (known in Spanish as "obrajes" or "mills") were created during the viceroyalty, where the tissue and its craft became a tradition that continues today. On September 13, 1825, Simón Bolívar issued a decree creating what is now the Junín Region, to commemorate his victory in the Battle of Junín, the last real cavalry charge in South America where no shot was fired. Major events of national importance occurred during this period: Huancayo hosted the Assembly that issued the 1839 Constitution and on December 3, 1854, Ramón Castilla signed a decree that granted freedom to Afro-Peruvian slaves.

Places of interest

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Sources

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  1. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Junin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 556.
  2. ^ inei.gob.pe Archived 2013-01-27 at the Wayback Machine INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007
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